2020届高考英语必备（一）
一、名词1.特别名词的复数:
child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, sheep-sheep, species- species,
stomach-stomachs,deer-deer, goose-geese, ox-oxen, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, phenomenon-phenomena,
means-means, series-series, crisis-crises, basis-bases, German-Germans, Australian-Australians,
2.不可数名词:
advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress, traffic,
3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同: arm手臂,arms武器; good好处,goods货物; green绿色,greens蔬菜; paper纸,
papers论文; sand沙,sands沙滩; time时间,times时代; water水,waters水域; wood木材,woods森林; work工作,
works著作; experience经验,experiences经历; room空间, rooms房间; exercise锻炼,exercises 训练;
4.只有复数形式的名词：trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings, scissors,
glasses, wages工资；riches财富；surroundings环境；ashes灰尘；compasses圆规;
5.复数形式，单数意思的名词：plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics,
6.复合名词的复数形式:
girl-friends, boy-students, women-teachers, men-workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups,
7.谓语动词用复数的名词: police, cattle, clothes, goods,
8.抽象名词详细化为可数名词：
surprise, cold, pleasure, pity, failure, success, worry, honor, must, difficulty, youth, beauty, wonder, danger, interest,
9.辅音字母+o结尾复数加-es的名词：tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes,
10.变“f”或“fe”为“v”之后再加-es为复数形式的名词：
wife-wives, life-lives, knife-knives, wolf-wolves, self-selves, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves, thief- thieves,
11.特别注重的名词: people (民族,人); nature (自然,特性)；man(男人,人类)，youth (年轻人,青年男子,青春)
12.特别注重的搭配: congratulations祝贺; have words with sb. 同某人吵架; in high spirits以很高热情地; give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯; in rags衣衫破烂; It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事;
二、冠词1. 序数词前用不定冠词则表示“又一，再一”之意 如：read a second time 再读一遍。
2.“a first”可表示“第一名、冠军”之意 如：He often gets a first in maths. 他数学常常得第一。
3. such, what, quite, rather, half+不定冠词+形容词+名词 如：such a nice film这样好的电影。
4. as, so, too, how, however+形容词+不定冠词+名词 如：so short a time.如此短的时间。
5. half, twice, three times +the+名词 如：twice the price双倍的代价。
6. all, both, double +the+名词 如：all the students我们班所有的学生。
7. the与比较级连用，表示二者当中更突出的一个 如：the taller of the two girls更高的这个女孩。
8. 在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同
in hospital (因病)住院, in the hospital 在医院(工作、参观等)； by sea 乘船, by the sea 在海边;
in charge of 负责, in the charge of 由……负责； by day 在白天, by the day 按日计算;
out of question 没问题, out of the question 不可能; a number of 许多；好些, the number of …(的)数目;
in a way有一点,in the way挡着去路; next week下周;the next week第二周
三、不规则动词burst-burst-burst-bursting; hurt-hurt-hurt-hurting; hit-hit-hit-hitting; spread-spread-spread-spreading;
shut-shut-shut-shutting; beat-beat-beaten-beating; run-ran-run-running; swim-swam- swum- swimming;
deal-dealt-dealt-dealing; set-set-set-setting; hear-heard-heard-hearing; lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)-lying;
hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung-hanging;mean-meant-meant-meaning; bend-bent-bent-bending;
show-showed-showed/shown-showing; build-built-built-building; lend-lent-lent-lending;
spend-spent-spent-spending; bring-brought-brought-bringing; fight-fought-fought-fighting; feed-fed-fed-feeding;
seek-sought-sought-seeking; catch-caught-caught-catching; dig-dug-dug-digging; teach-taught-taught-teaching;
flee-fled-fled-fleeing;hold-held-held-holding; lead-led-led-leading; meet-met-met-meeting; say-said-said-saying;
shoot-shot-shot-shooting; stick-stuck-stuck-sticking; win-won-won-winning; feel-felt-felt-feeling;
keep-kept-kept-keeping; leave-left-left-leaving; lay-laid-laid-laying; sweep-swept-swept-sweeping;
pay-paid-paid-paying; stand-stood-stood-standing; lose-lost-lost-losing; wind-wound-wound-winding;
sell-sold-sold-selling; blow-blew-blown-blowing; drive-drove-driven-driving; draw-drew-drawn-drawing;
eat-ate-eaten-eating; fall-fell-fallen-falling; grow-grew-grown-growing; throw-threw-thrown-throwing;
forgive-forgot-forgiven-forgiving; know-knew-known-knowing; forbid-forbad/forbade-forbidden-forbidding;
ride-rode-ridden-riding; sew-sewed-sewn-sewing; shake-shook-shaken-shaking; bite-bit-bitten-biting;
write-wrote-written-writing; break-broke-broken-breaking; hide-hid-hidden-hiding; tear-tore-torn-tearing;
forget-forgot-forgotten-forgetting; freeze-froze-frozen-freezing; go-went-gone-going; steal-stole-stolen-stealing;
choose-chose-chosen-choosing; begin-began-begun-beginning;bear-bore-born/borne-bearing; fly-flew-flown-flying;
wear-wore-worn-wearing; weave-wove- woven- weaving; picnic-picnicked- picnicked-picnicking;
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